Network dynamics refers to the study of how complex systems of interconnected nodes or entities evolve and interact over time. This research area explores how changes in the network structure, such as the addition or removal of nodes or edges, impact the overall behavior and functioning of the system. Network dynamics can encompass a wide range of phenomena, including information flow, spread of diseases or rumors, synchronization of oscillators, and the formation of social networks. By understanding the dynamics of networks, researchers can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms driving various complex systems and develop strategies to optimize their performance or resilience.